While covered in-depth in another article, the origins of the famous Boeing 747 hump are from its humble beginnings as a cargo aircraft. That’s right, the Boeing 747, while flexible enough platform for both passengers and freight, was primarily made for cargo carriers.
This is because at the time, the Concorde was all the range, and Boeing (with its own supersonic project) thought that the future was in faster and faster travel. Engineers didn’t want to work on the Boeing 747 project as they believed that it would be a simple slower-than-sound freighter.
The de Havilland DH.106 Comet was one of the most revolutionary planes in aviation history. It holds the title of being the first commercial jet airliner in the world. The aircraft’s first flight was in July 1949, and it was introduced in May 1952 with BOAC. However, following the type’s launch, it had some controversial moments in its early years. These incidents led to extensive research, which saw the Comet being submerged underwater.
One hundred years ago, the United States faced an ugly reality that anticipated ours in 2020. The aftermath of World War I included economic depression and turmoil. A flu epidemic added to the chaos and struck down hundreds of thousands of Americans in the space of a few months.
Wages for working men had remained stagnant during wartime, but the removal of wartime controls meant prices of regular goods and services were skyrocketing. The popularity of communism and anarchism appeared to be growing. Riots and strikes in major American cities — from Boston to Seattle — were described with horror in the daily newspapers. //
In such a moment, Calvin Coolidge’s firm opposition to lawlessness as governor of Massachusetts made him famous. Voters rewarded his resiliency during the Boston Police Strike of 1919, along with his combination of courage and integrity. In two years, he was vice president. Two years later, he was president.
The parallels between his time and our own are instructive. If ever there were a need to recover his constitutional and political vision and apply it to our own day, that time is now. Constitution Day is an appropriate time to start. By recovering Coolidge’s understanding of the Constitution, we can begin to move in the right direction. //
Coolidge responded to such critics indirectly. Rather than quibble about economic data or dispute the endlessly disputable details of the Constitution, he underscored its religious foundation. It was important to remember these facts, he explained, because “No people can look forward who do not look backward. The strongest guarantee of the future is the past.”
According to Coolidge, America’s political principles were logical developments from its history, and at the center of American history is the story of religion. The earliest colonies were carved out of the wilderness so the colonists might worship God according to conscience. They were born in a desire for freedom, and this desire matured with time. //
Coolidge asserted that the Great Awakening was influential in expanding the American view of individual liberty and rights. The Awakening and its truths were essential in the success of the American Revolution and the formation of the Constitution. He explained: “The American Revolution represented the informed and mature convictions of a great mass of independent, liberty-loving, God-fearing people who knew their rights, and possessed the courage to dare to maintain them.”
For Coolidge, it was the Constitution that brought the principles of the Revolution to full maturity and practical significance. The adoption of the Constitution of 1787 opened the doors to American progress such as the world had never seen. //
“That which America exemplifies in her Constitution and system of government is the most modern, and of any yet devised gives promise of being the most substantial and enduring.”
Coolidge, however, was careful to caution against trusting the Constitution to do more than it promised. It was not “a machine that would go of itself”—quite the contrary. Coolidge was well-aware of the fact that the Constitution imposed the duties of self-government upon every generation of Americans.
While “the men who founded our government” had built carefully and well, “we should be deluded if we supposed [our institutions] can be maintained without more of the same stern sacrifice offered in perpetuity,” he said. Free self-government requires sacrifice, requires recurrence to first principles, requires Americans to know, understand, and defend their way of life and form of government.
The Congress passed the Act of April 22, 1864. This legislation changed the composition of the one-cent coin and authorized the minting of the two-cent coin. The Mint Director was directed to develop the designs for these coins for final approval of the Secretary. IN GOD WE TRUST first appeared on the 1864 two-cent coin.
Another Act of Congress passed on March 3, 1865. It allowed the Mint Director, with the Secretary's approval, to place the motto on all gold and silver coins that "shall admit the inscription thereon." //
Later, Congress passed the Coinage Act of February 12, 1873. It also said that the Secretary "may cause the motto IN GOD WE TRUST to be inscribed on such coins as shall admit of such motto." //
The motto has been in continuous use on the one-cent coin since 1909, and on the ten-cent coin since 1916. It also has appeared on all gold coins and silver dollar coins, half-dollar coins, and quarter-dollar coins struck since July 1, 1908. //
A law passed by the 84th Congress (P.L. 84-140) and approved by the President on July 30, 1956, the President approved a Joint Resolution of the 84th Congress, declaring IN GOD WE TRUST the national motto of the United States. IN GOD WE TRUST was first used on paper money in 1957, when it appeared on the one-dollar silver certificate. The first paper currency bearing the motto entered circulation on October 1, 1957.
The 1619 Project should not be read by anyone, really. //
Facts can be inconvenient to narratives, as any politician will tell you. The problem is that journalists aren’t supposed to be politicians. They are supposed to focus on the facts and let those facts speak for themselves. Wemple is joining in the narrative by further trying to portray Trump as some sort of unread buffoon.
But you don’t have to read the 1619 Project to know that it does a bad job of being a historical analysis and journalism project. If you have dozens of historians coming forward and saying the central premise of a project is wrong, then its credibility is gone. There is no need to read it.
You could argue that Trump should better articulate what is wrong with it (there are plenty of arguments to choose from), but Wemple (and others on social media) decided instead to attack the man r
You have to see it to believe the scale.
From gaffes to one-line zingers, TIME presents history's best-remembered quotes from our presidential candidates
— M.J. Stephey...
The 1876 electoral showdown was different from those of 1800 and 1824, when no candidate had a majority of votes in the Electoral College.
Nuclear energy is crisis. The world could lose twice as much nuclear as it gains, between now and 2030. Can radical innovation save nuclear? Yes, but it must be more radical than anyone imagines, argues EP's Michael Shellenberger in a major keynote address to the American Nuclear Society. //
What is atomic humanism? I would like to offer three first principles that are meant as the beginning, not the end of the discussion of what atomic humanism should be.
First, nuclear is special. Only nuclear can lift all humans out of poverty while saving the natural environment. Nothing else — not coal, not solar, not geo-engineering — can do that.
How does the special child, who is bullied for her specialness, survive? By pretending she’s ordinary. As good as — but no better than! — coal, natural gas or renewables.
Like other atomic humanists of his time, Weinberg knew nuclear was special. But he could not fully appreciate how special nuclear was given the low levels of deployment of solar and wind.
Now that these two technologies have been scaled up, we can see that nuclear’s specialness is due due an easy-to-understand physical reason: the energy density of the fuel. //
Second, nuclear is human. Nuclear is people using tools to make electrons through fission. And yet the picture in our minds when we think of nuclear has no people. Where are the people? What about when we think of a nuclear plant’s control room? Now picture in your mind the cockpit of an airplane. You walk on board and you see two men. If we didn’t trust these men, we wouldn’t get on the plane. The airlines ask us to trust them, the air traffic system, and the pilots, and we do. Why then are we asking the public to trust our machines?
In the movie “Sully,” the pilot loses both his engines to bird strikes shortly after taking off. The entire drama of the film is whether Sully made the right decision. Should he have returned to La Guardia airport, or was he right to make a water landing in the Hudson? At no point did anyone suggest we should ban jet planes because they could crash. Nor did anyone demand meltdown-proof jet turbines.
This is nuts... //
Lachlan Markay
@lachlan
Uhhhhh this committee wants to "remove, relocate, or contextualize" the WASHINGTON MONUMENT
Post Local
@postlocal
D.C. committee recommends stripping the names of Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Francis Scott Key and others from city government buildings https://wapo.st/31KyUEe
JERRY DUNLEAVY
@JerryDunleavy
The DC Faces Group tasked by DC’s mayor (@MayorBowser) said she should use her position on the National Capital Memorial Advisory Commission to push for the federal govt to “remove, relocate, or contextualize” the Washington Monument & Jefferson Memorial.
I wrote this article to introduce the Internet to a non-technical audience. In order to get everyone on board, I first explain basic concepts, such as communication protocols, network topologies, and signal routing. The section about Internet layers becomes increasingly technical and peaks with a deep dive into DNSSEC. If the beginning is too elementary for you, then just skip ahead to more interesting sections.
Frederik Ljungström of AB Ljungström Ǻngturbin (ALǺ) in Stockholm, Sweden invents and patents the Ljungström® Air Preheater
1920
ALǺ’s first installation in USA was manufactured in Wellsville [New York] for installation at the International Paper Company of Niagara Falls, New York, USA
1923
The USA great depression lead ALǺ to sell Air Preheater Corporation (APC) to the Superheater Company of America
1933
Air Preheater Corporation (APC) and The Superheater Company merged with Combustion Engineering Company, Inc. (CE)
1948
On February 24th APC changed its name to Air Preheater Company Inc.
1965
Asea Brown Boveri Ltd. (ABB) acquires the power business of Gadelius K.K.
1988
ABB acquires Air Preheater Company and Combustion Engineering, Inc. and ABB Air Preheater Inc. was formed1990 The power business of Gadelius K.K. renamed to ABB Gadelius K.K.
1992
ABB acquire the air preheater business of Kraftanlagen Abgastechnik GmbH, in Bammental, Germany
1995
ABB Air Preheater Inc. acquire all intellectual property rights and assets to the Ljungström® Air Preheater technology from SRM in Sweden
1997
ALSTOM acquire sole ownership of the ABB Power business
2000
The oldest known operating Ljungström® Air Preheater is retired after 83 years of operation at the Fitchburg Paper Company in Massachusetts, USA
2009
LJUNGSTRÖM, as a division of ARVOS Group, separates from ALSTOM
2014
Bad actors and bad ideas haven’t disappeared from the face of the earth. We didn't arrive at the “end of history” with the fall of the Soviet Union.
Computer keyboards grew out of calculator key assignments, as both are business tools.
The telephone keypad arrangement was derivated in an UI analysis in 1959/60 with 'average' customers - people at the time not really in contact with calculators or even less computers. //
In 1959 Bell did a rather large UI study, published in 1960 as "Human Factors Engineering Studies of the Design and Use of Pushbutton Telephone Sets". Goal was to determinate a layout that would not only work, but as well operate efficient and be enjoyed by users. //
One might speculate that if calculators would have been more wide spread in the 1950 (they were special and expensive business tools at the time) or terminals/computers had already made their way into homes before, the telephone would also work bottom-up ... but that's fooder for alternate history novellas.
The Times’ supposition that America was racist at its core follows radical abolitionists rather than thinkers like Frederick Douglass who claimed the Constitution is an anti-slavery document. //
Since The New York Times published The 1619 Project a year ago, an army of scholars, historians, economists, and concerned citizens have criticized its bad history, bad journalism, and bad-faith effort to re-found the country on its original sin of slavery instead of its virtues. Unable to respond with intellectual honesty, the creators of the project have avoided discussion. //
The project’s flagship essay, written by project architect Nikole Hannah-Jones, argues that America’s true founding should be 1619, the year slaves were first brought to Virginia, instead of 1776, the year the 13 colonies declared independence from Great Britain. The reason 1776 is no longer worthy of being our founding date, Hannah-Jones says, is that the writer of the words “all men are created equal” did not mean them for black men and women. She thus claims the words were a lie until black Americans made them true. //
The below responses are strong rebuttals to all of these contentions.
Historical events removed from the timeline of history where they occurred creates propaganda -- whether well-intentioned or not. //
By adopting the storyline in the manner they have, the Yellowstone creative team has corrupted the actual historical timeline of this shameful period of US history, dragging it from 50 years in the past to only 20 years in the past. How many viewers took note of this and simply accepted the representation of such overtly racist government policy as recently at the end of the Clinton Administration?
History is a unique thing. Events happen when they happen. Transplanting a set of events from the era in which they took place to an era in which they did not take place for creative storytelling purposes — rewriting history — is propaganda.
While many defenders of private gun ownership recognize that the Second Amendment was written to provide some sort of counterbalance against the coercive power of the state, this argument is often left far too vague to reflect an accurate view of this historical context surrounding the Amendment.
Looking at the debates surrounding the Second Amendment and military power at the end of the eighteenth century, however, we find that the authors of the Second Amendment had a more sophisticated vision of gun ownership than is often assumed.
Fearful that a large federal military could be used to destroy the freedoms of the states themselves, Anti-Federalists and other Americans fearful of centralized power in the US government designed the Second Amendment accordingly. It was designed to guarantee that the states would be free to raise and train their own militias as a defense against federal power, and as a means of keeping a defensive military force available to Americans while remaining outside the direct control of the federal government.
This grew out of what was a well-established opposition to standing armies among Americans in the late eighteenth century. In his book Eagle and Sword: The Federalists and the Creation of the Military Establishment in America, 1783–1802, Richard Kohn writes:
No principle of government was more widely understood or more completely accepted by the generation of Americans that established the United States than the danger of a standing army in peacetime. Because a standing army represented the ultimate in uncontrolled and controllable power, any nation that maintained permanent forces surely risked the overthrow of legitimate government and the introduction of tyranny and despotism.Attempts to smear the college are not just dishonest but betray a misunderstanding of why critical race theory has no place in the classical liberal arts. //
By the inflexible logic of critical race theory, Hillsdale’s abolitionist past does not matter, its efforts to improve private and public schools do not matter, its financial aid to underprivileged students does not matter. All that matters is that the school does not go out of its way to categorize students by race, does not practice affirmative action, does not accept the terms of debate about race set forth by the progressive left, and refuses to repent of all these sins. //
Indeed, the only remotely substantive criticism of Hillsdale Whyte levels is that it refuses to categorize students by race or practice race-based affirmative action in admissions. What Whyte may not realize—or simply refuses to acknowledge—is that Hillsdale eschews racial categorization on purpose as a matter of principle.
Hillsdale’s refusal to comply with federal affirmative action requirements resulted in a series of court cases in the late 1970s and early ‘80s that ended with the college withdrawing from all federal financial assistance programs. Today it is one of the few colleges in America that accepts no federal funds—and no federal mandates.
Indeed, Hillsdale has always considered such mandates tantamount to racial discrimination. In contrast to the race-obsessed thinking of the Black Lives Matter movement, Hillsdale has always hewn to the thinking of Frederick Douglass and Martin Luther King, Jr., who understood that race was not the most important thing about a person, and that the promises of the American Founding transcend race and national origin.
If the college’s leaders have “pooh-pooed diversity,” as Whyte says, it is because the diversity she has in mind is utterly hollow. Unlike progressives, classical liberals believe race itself is an incidental feature of the human condition, neither essential nor determinative, and in many ways merely a construct. At a college especially, the only kind of diversity that should matter is intellectual diversity, which is sorely missing from most colleges and universities today but alive and well at Hillsdale.
Discover the story of Lord Kelvin, whom no trial will absolve of having declared in 1900 the death of physics ... even though he never did.
This is the only existing photo of Chernobyl taken on the morning of the nuclear accident. The heavy grain is due to the huge amount of radiation in the air that began to destroy the camera film the second it was exposed.