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First, the paper concludes that “The percentage of the total CO2 due to the use of fossil fuels from 1750 to 2018 increased from 0% in 1750 to 12% in 2018, much too low to be the cause of global warming.”
The premise of this argument is incorrect and indicates a fundamental misunderstanding of the causal link between anthropogenic emissions and rising atmospheric CO2. The fact that atmospheric CO2 has been rising at only about half the rate of anthropogenic emissions establishes that the natural environment is a net carbon sink and has been actively opposing the rise for at least the last 60 y. Hence, we know that anthropogenic emissions, predominantly from fossil fuel combustion and land use change, involve more than sufficient carbon to entirely explain the post-industrial rise (Canadell et al. 2021). //
Hence, even though individual CO2 molecules coming from fossil fuel emissions will cycle out of the atmosphere on a timescale of a few years, anthropogenic emissions have led to an enhancement in atmospheric CO2 that will have an adjustment timescale of a century or more. As many detailed carbon cycle studies have shown, anthropogenic emissions certainly are the cause of the increase in atmospheric CO2, and there are multiple lines of evidence that support this conclusion1 (Prentice et al. 2001). Also, the adjustment timescale is a century or longer, meaning that this enhancement in atmospheric CO2 will persist for a very long time (Ciais et al. 2013). //
Second, throughout the paper the authors have (1) failed to cite numerous related and relevant earlier publications in this field and (2) demonstrated a lack of fundamental understanding of biogeochemical carbon cycle processes. For example: ///
Thus, what has already been emitted will take centuries to stabilize, therefore it is too late to repair the damage and the best we can do is be prepared to mitigate the effects, notably by securing inexpensive inexhaustible energy sources.
Health Physics 122(2):p 291-305, February 2022. | DOI: 10.1097/HP.0000000000001485
These results negate claims that the increase in C(t) since 1800 has been dominated by the increase of the anthropogenic fossil component. We determined that in 2018, atmospheric anthropogenic fossil CO2 represented 23% of the total emissions since 1750 with the remaining 77% in the exchange reservoirs. Our results show that the percentage of the total CO2 due to the use of fossil fuels from 1750 to 2018 increased from 0% in 1750 to 12% in 2018, much too low to be the cause of global warming.
[...]
After 1750 and the onset of the industrial revolution, the anthropogenic fossil component and the non-fossil component in the total atmospheric CO2 concentration, C(t), began to increase. Despite the lack of knowledge of these two components, claims that all or most of the increase in C(t) since 1800 has been due to the anthropogenic fossil component have continued since they began in 1960 with “Keeling Curve: Increase in CO2 from burning fossil fuel.” Data and plots of annual anthropogenic fossil CO2 emissions and concentrations, C(t), published by the Energy Information Administration, are expanded in this paper.
So why is a journal on radiation safety publishing a work on climate change? Because an examination of the ratios in radioactive carbon isotopes can reveal a lot about the sources of atmospheric carbon. C14 is useful in radiometric dating of organic matter; biologists, paleontologists, and archeologists have known this for decades. But it turns out that C-14, along with the other isotopes, C12 and C13, are useful in distinguishing anthropogenic carbon from naturally occurring carbon. Health Physics has published the research of University of Massachusetts Lowell physicists Kenneth Skrabel, George Chabot, and Clayton French on the topic, and their results are… interesting. But the study is heavy and takes a bit of unpacking.
Here’s the interesting bit from the abstract:
These results negate claims that the increase in C(t) since 1800 has been dominated by the increase of the anthropogenic fossil component. We determined that in 2018, atmospheric anthropogenic fossil CO2 represented 23% of the total emissions since 1750 with the remaining 77% in the exchange reservoirs. Our results show that the percentage of the total CO2 due to the use of fossil fuels from 1750 to 2018 increased from 0% in 1750 to 12% in 2018, much too low to be the cause of global warming. //
In other words, the narrative that human-created carbon is driving climate change is not supported by the evidence; the sun, as one might guess, has much more influence, and drastic action in the form of “very costly remedial actions” are not necessary.
I encourage everyone who reads this to go read the entire journal article. It’s long, it’s a bit tedious, as these kinds of journal articles tend to be, and there is a lot of number-crunching and explaining how the observations drive through to the conclusions. But it’s important to understand that this is how actual science is done. This is the kind of science you never see discussed much outside of the journals in which it’s presented, not only because it’s tedious and difficult for lay people to get through, but because it doesn’t fit the Left’s climate change narrative.
Generators and emergency power systems are essential to enabling hospitals and health care facilities to effectively serve their communities //
NFPA 70: National Electrical Code requires every hospital to have two independent power sources that provide a minimum level of reliability: a normal source (i.e., utility) and an alternate source (i.e., generator, fuel cell system or battery system).
Because most health care facilities have traditionally used generators as their alternate source due to runtime and maintenance advantages, this article will focus on generators and essential electrical system (i.e., “emergency power”) design.
For the purposes of this article, the NEC Article 517 term “essential electrical system” and Article 700 term “emergency power system” are synonymous because emergency systems are defined in NEC Article 700, which is applied specifically to hospitals in NEC Article 517.
An emergency system is defined by the NEC as “those systems legally required and classed as emergency by municipal, state, federal and other codes.”
NFPA 110: Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems defines the various components that makeup an emergency power system and comprises the emergency power supply and emergency power supply systems.
The EPS is the alternate power source, which in this case is the generator(s). The EPSS consists of the conductors, distribution equipment, overcurrent protective devices, transfer switches and all control, supervisory and support equipment needed for the system to operate between the generator and the transfer switch. Conductors, distribution equipment and overcurrent protective devices on the load side of the transfer switches are not considered part of the EPSS per NFPA 110, but are considered part of the overall emergency power system (see Figure 1).
The car’s sticker designated the driver as someone with very good reason to drive slowly, leading Chaudhary to ask himself the question, “Why do we need stickers to be patient with people?” He asked himself a follow-up question, wondering if “we [would] be more patient and kind with others if people had labels pasted on their foreheads?”
He realized that everyone experiences personal struggles, even if those difficulties aren’t public knowledge. Chaudhary imagined the various labels a person might wear that would explain what they’re going through, adding, “Labels like lost my job, fighting cancer, going through a bad divorce.”
He included other kinds of challenges like “suffering emotional abuse, [losing] a loved one, feeling worthless, financially messed up, and more.”
The Supreme Court on Tuesday rebuffed a legal theory that argued that state legislatures have the authority to set election rules with little oversight from state courts, a major decision that turns away a conservative push to empower state legislatures.
By a 6-3 vote, the court rejected the “independent state legislature” theory in a case about North Carolina’s congressional map. The once-fringe legal theory broadly argued that state courts have little — or no — authority to question state legislatures on election laws for federal contests.
The court’s decision in Moore v. Harper closes the path to what could have been a radical overhaul of America’s election laws.
A particularly robust reading of the theory — which the court turned aside — would have empowered state legislatures to make decisions on all aspects of elections, from congressional lines to how people register to vote and cast a ballot, without any opportunity for challengers to contest those decisions in state courts under state laws or constitutions. Opponents of the theory argued that it could have led to unchecked partisan gerrymandering, and laws that would make it harder for people to vote.
Chief Justice John Roberts wrote the court’s opinion, joined by the three liberal justices, Sonia Sotomayor, Elena Kagan and Ketanji Brown Jackson, along with two conservatives, Brett Kavanaugh and Amy Coney Barrett. Justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito and Neil Gorsuch dissented.
Life cycle emissions are the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted throughout a product’s existence, including its production, use, and disposal.
To compare these emissions effectively, a standardized unit called metric tons of CO2 equivalent (tCO2e) is used, which accounts for different types of greenhouse gases and their global warming potential.
Here is an overview of the 2021 life cycle emissions of medium-sized electric, hybrid and ICE vehicles in each stage of their life cycles, using tCO2e. These numbers consider a use phase of 16 years and a distance of 240,000 km. //
- The production emissions for BEVs are approximately 40% higher than those of hybrid and ICE vehicles. According to a McKinsey & Company study, this high emission intensity can be attributed to the extraction and refining of raw materials like lithium, cobalt, and nickel that are needed for batteries, as well as the energy-intensive manufacturing process of BEVs.
- Electricity production is by far the most emission-intensive stage in a BEVs life cycle. Decarbonizing the electricity sector by implementing renewable and nuclear energy sources can significantly reduce these vehicles’ use phase emissions.
PC Mag Editor's Choice: 5.0 Exemplary
#THE BOTTOM LINE
Bitwarden is simply the best app we've tested for free password management, while the paid version adds extra security and storage tools at an extremely low price. //
Free password managers often come with significant limitations that force most users to upgrade to a paid tier. Not Bitwarden. The free version of this password manager does not restrict you to a certain number of entries, nor does it prevent you from syncing your vault across all your devices. Even the paid version, which adds high-end security tools, is affordable compared with the competition.
Bitwarden is an open-source password manager. This means the source code is subject to constant audits from Bitwarden’s community of developers, researchers, users, and, ultimately, the public. With more eyes on the code, bugs are easier to spot, and that makes the app more secure.
Aside from its clunky password capture and replay functions, Bitwarden is easy to use and includes vital core features such as multi-factor authentication, credential sharing, cross-platform syncing, and unlimited password storage, all for multiple users. No other free password manager we’ve reviewed includes all those core features, which is why Bitwarden retains its Editors’ Choice award for free password managers.
This project creates encrypted backups for Bitwarden vaults including attachments. It pulls your vault items from Bitwarden CLI and download all the attachments associated with those items to a temporary backup folder. Then, portwarden zip that folder, encrypt it with a passphrase, and delete the temporary folder.
It addresses this issue in the community forum https://community.bitwarden.com/t/encrypted-export/235, but hopefully Bitwarden will come up with official solutions soon.
Here's a question: does a meter actually help people secure their accounts? It's less important than other areas of web security, a short sample of which include:
- Preventing online cracking with throttling or CAPTCHAs.
- Preventing offline cracking by selecting a suitably slow hash function with user-unique salts.
- Securing said password hashes.
- With that disclaimer — yes. I'm convinced these meters have the potential to help. //
As an independent Dropbox hackweek project, I thought it’d be fun to build an open source estimator that catches common patterns, and as a corollary, doesn’t penalize sufficiently complex passphrases like correcthorsebatterystaple. It’s now live on dropbox.com/register and available for use on github. Try the demo to experiment and see several example estimations.
Many have forgotten that we are standing on the shoulders of legends such as Teller and Oppenheimer.
Recently the Oppenheimer grandson rallied in favor of nuclear:
"New Manhattan Project for Carbon-free Energy"
https://tucoschild.substack.com/p/oppenheimer-nuclear-energys-moment
Also note the energy density of nuclear vs other energy containers:
Li abttery : 0.5 MJ/kg
Diesel/gas : 46 MJ/kg
Nuclear, U-235, E=mc^2 : 79,390,000 MJ/kg
Jack Devanney
Jun 9
Teller like most of us was a bundle of contradictions. He was certainly aware that a major release from an NPP would provide ammunition to those who wanted to shut down weapon testing, which he thought was absolutely necessary to keep up with the Soviets.
Here's a mind-blowing fact. Teller, Leo Szilard, John vonNeumann and Eugene Wigner, a sizable proportion of the American WWII brain trust, all graduated from the same Budapest high school within a few years of each other. That must have been a hell of a high school.
No wonder Teller wanted to upgrade American education.
Rod Adams
Jun 9
Jack - Didn't some of the other members of the Manhattan project refer to the Hungarians as "The Martians", implying that their skills were out of this world?
Jack Devanney
Jun 9
The story is that the Manhattan Project greats were having lunch at the University of Chicago. Fermi is speculating about earth being visited by a master race, possibly from Mars. Szilard chimes in "They are already here, disguised as Hungarians". He had a point, but apparently the Martians used this one high school as a staging point.
In 1959, the AEC and the nuclear power establishment made a momentous policy change. They abandoned the concept of a tolerance dose rate below which harm is undetectable, and adopted the Linear No Threshold hypothesis, which claims that harm is proportional to cumulative dose, regardless of how rapidly or how slowly that dose is received. In other words, radiation harm is unrepairable. It just builds up. The tolerance dose rate model assumes our bodies can repair radiation damage. As a result, harm does not build up as long as we stay below the tolerance dose rate, which up to 1950 was 1 mSv/d.
What's really perplexing about this foundational transformation is that it apparently was done with no discussion. There seems to be no official decision from the AEC. No meeting minutes. No dueling memos. The official history of the AEC, Mazuzan and Walker, 511 tedious pages covering the period 1946-1962, makes no mention of the decision.1
The book makes no mention of LNT at all.
Police forces in the UK are seeing a "record number" of false calls to 999, the UK's emergency services number, and the culprit is apparently Android. As the BBC reports, Android 12 added an easy-access feature for emergency services: just press the power button five times, and your phone will dial emergency services for you. That's apparently pretty easy to do accidentally when a phone is sitting in your pocket, or if you have a wonky power button, resulting in a surge of totally silent accidental calls to emergency dispatch.
In 1990, Tom Stuker bought a United Airlines lifetime pass. He has since flown 23 million miles.
Stuker has redeemed countless numbers of miles and at one point didn't sleep in a bed for 12 days.
Stuker told The Washington Post that the pass was the "best investment of my life." //
Stuker — a car dealership consultant from New Jersey — has flown 23 million miles, which, according to The Washington Post, is more miles than any individual in history.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2023/06/23/united-airlines-very-frequent-flyer/
Over the last few decades, the G5RV antenna has become one of the most popular and widely used "all around" multi-band antennas in the world. Even though it is a "compromise" antenna, it has good overall performance on most hf ham bands when used with an external tuner, and allows coax as an entry feedline to the radio equipment eliminating the need and hassle of ladder line or twinlead. It should be noted that some internal tuners just don't have enough range to "tune" it.
It was invented in 1946 by Louis Varney, whose call sign is G5RV ("SK" on June 28, 2000, age 89). Hence the name, the G5RV antenna.
The basic G5RV antenna measures only 102 feet across the top for 80 thru 10 meter operation, and is fed at the center through a low loss 34 feet feed-stub.
The All Band HF Dipole was constructed and refined for use with my Z-Match Antenna Matching Unit at my previous residence in Melbourne, Victoria from 2004 - 2007
Despite the space limitations of a suburban block I wanted an antenna that would be suitable for all the HF amateur bands, including the so called WARC bands and ideally including the 160 metre band. The antenna system should also be useful for other HF services i.e. broadcast, military etc.
A multi-band wire antenna that performs exceptionally well even though it confounds antenna modeling software
Article by W5GI ( SK )
call sign query tools & license history