• Ideal for personal every-day use- Heavy-gauge aluminum alloy- PFOA-free reinforced nonstick coating- Cast stainless steel handle with three solid alloy rivets- Removable silicone grip- NSF certified- Compatible with gas, electric and ceramic glass cooktops
  Your pan is oven-safe:
  500°F / 260°C - For use without silicone grip
  400°F / 204°C - For use with silicone grip
• Always use protective mitts to safely handle a hot pan.

Energy Dosage of Ultraviolet radiation (UV dose) in µWs/cm2 needed for kill factor

Irradiance is the power of exposure at the surface being disinfected. Irradiance is measured = µW-S/cm2 (micro-watt seconds) per square centimeter

Examples of a "Dose" (aka Kill Factor) for 99% elimination would have to deliver:
E. Coli - 6,600
Hepatitis - 8,000
Influenza - 6,600
Polio virus - 6,600
//

Robots deployed in hospitals(Medical Grade) are disinfecting the 400-600 Sq. Ft. rooms and deliver a very HI irradiance in a short amount of time (e.g. 20sec to 20min) and you can't be in the room during operation. (Interesting fact - UVC doesn't pass through glass - so if there is a window looking into the room there is no risk of exposure.) The consumer products we're discussing don't deliver anywhere near that level of irradiation.

Example of measuring a dose:
You have a light 8 In above a surface. The Irradiance (Strength) being delivered would be much lower at the surface vs @ 1 cm from the source.

So now that we measure the strength at the surface, how long does the light need to be on to kill pathogens from that distance

Examples of a "Dose" (aka Kill Factor) needed for 99% (1 Log) elimination needed:
E. Coli - 6,600 µW-S/cm2
Hepatitis - 8,000 µW-S/cm2
Influenza - 6,600 µW-S/cm2
Poliovirus - 6,600 µW-S/cm2

If the light measured .175 mW at the surface and left it on for 60 Sec it would deliver a kill factor of 10,500 µW-S/cm2 effectively eliminating all of the above //

we know the dosage values for comparable viruses in the same SARS virus family are 10-20 mJ/cm2 using direct UVC light at a wavelength of 254nm; this dosage will achieve 99.9% disinfection (i.e., inactivation) under controlled lab conditions. In real-life, the virus is often hidden or shaded from direct UVC light, reducing UVC’s effectiveness. To compensate, researchers are applying dosages of 1,000 - 3,000 mJ/cm2 to ensure 99.9% deactivation, the current CDC disinfection goal (see CDC’s recently published guidelines, online - https://www.cdc.gov/coronav...

Survival is paramount. //

Jack ended with a quote from Cicero; I’ll take his lead and do the same:

“There exists a law…inborn of our hearts…by natural intuition. … If our lives are endangered by plots or violence or armed robbers or enemies, any and every method of protecting ourselves is morally right.”

'You simply cannot fake your way through this job,' Michelle Obama said of the presidency, and she's right. That's why you shouldn't vote for Joe. //

Appealing to her intimate knowledge of the office of the presidency, the former first lady offered a glimpse of what it takes to lead the country. Instead of inspiring confidence in the former vice president, however, her speech disqualified Biden for the Oval.

“I am one of a handful of people living today who have seen firsthand the immense weight and awesome power of the presidency. And let me once again tell you this: The job is hard,” Michelle Obama said. “It requires clear-headed judgment, a mastery of complex and competing issues, a devotion to facts and history, a moral compass, and an ability to listen — and an abiding belief that each of the 330,000,000 lives in this country has meaning and worth.” //

Clear-headed judgment? A mastery of complex issues? A commitment to life? In just one short list of requirements, Obama betrayed Biden’s capacity.

The long months of this election cycle have consisted of gaffe after gaffe from Biden, causing onlookers to question his mental fitness and thus to doubt his “clear-headed judgment.”

The invisible light can kill viruses and pathogens like the one that causes COVID-19, but experts are raising alarms about the potential safety risks. //

"UL has made a conscious decision not to certify the consumer-facing, portable, handheld wand-type devices due to the inability to manage the risks," Straka tells CNET.

"What we would suggest is definitely looking at products that do have a safety certification from a nationally recognized testing laboratory, such as UL," Straka adds. "There are installers and commercial-grade products out there that do have a safety certification and which can be installed and used very safely."

May turned out to be a pretty bad month for airlines. The US Department of Transportation (DOT) released… //

the ten marketing network carriers in the US reported 192,412 scheduled domestic flights. This was down from April 2020, which had 331,238 scheduled flights. In May 2019, the ten airlines scheduled 694,331 domestic flights. //

Of those 192,412 flights, 12,261 (or 6.4% of those flights) were canceled. This lead to an all-time monthly low of 180,151 flights in May 2020. This was even lower than April, which saw 194,390 flights operate. The previous low before both of these months was February 1994, with 370,027 flights. That 1994 report only included operating carriers and not codeshare partners, which are now included. //

The overall monthly canceled flight rate was 6.4%. This was much lower than April, which had a canceled flight rate of over 41%. By May, airlines had an idea for how low demand was and consolidated operations, received service exemptions, and parked most of their planes, leading to more stable operations.

SpaceX CEO Elon Musk has lifted the lid on why reusing Falcon 9 boosters makes economic sense in the long term. //

This week, NASASpaceflight reporter Michael Baylor explained on Twitter that United Launch Alliance, another player in the new space race, has claimed that a company needs to reuse a rocket 10 times for the economics to make sense. SpaceX, Baylor noted, is up to six landings with a single booster.

In response, Musk wrote:

"Payload reduction due to reusability of booster & fairing is <40% for F9 & recovery & refurb is <10%, so you’re roughly even with 2 flights, definitely ahead with 3." //

In 2018, ahead of a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch, Musk broke down the costs again. The boost stage, he stated, costs around 60 percent of the total costs, with the upper stage 20 percent, the fairing 10 percent, and the final 10 percent associated with the launch itself. This, CNBC noted, would instead place the cost of a booster at around $37 million. //

In terms of the marginal costs, the costs associated with producing just one extra rocket, Musk also recently shed some further light on the figures. In an interview with Aviation Week in May, Musk listed the marginal cost of a Falcon 9 at $15 million in the best case. He also listed the cost of refurbishing a booster at $1 million. This would fit with Musk's most recent claim that the costs of refurbishment make up less than 10 percent of the booster costs. //

"I don’t want be cavalier, but there isn’t an obvious limit. 100+ flights are possible. Some parts will need to be replaced or upgraded. Cleaning all 9 Merlin [Falcon 9 engine] turbines is difficult. Raptor [the engine for the upcoming Starship] is way easier in this regard, despite being a far more complex engine." //

SpaceX's rocket reusability program is a long-term investment, and it can be hard to quantify the overall savings due to the myriad of factors at play. Musk noted in March 2017 that the company had spent over $1 billion in reusable launch technologies, which meant the firm also needs to recoup the development costs from the reuse program rather than directly passing on those savings to the consumer.

Brussels Airlines is set to receive a vital stabilization package to help it through the pandemic. Earlier this…

"I'm no lip reader, but damn, Trez."