Arguments passed to a script are processed in the same order in which they’re sent. The indexing of the arguments starts at one, and the first argument can be accessed inside the script using $1. Similarly, the second argument can be accessed using $2, and so on. The positional parameter refers to this representation of the arguments using their position. //

Using flags is a common way of passing input to a script. When passing input to the script, there’s a flag (usually a single letter) starting with a hyphen (-) before each argument.

Let’s take a look at the userReg-flags.sh script, which takes three arguments: username (-u), age (-a), and full name (-f).

We’ll modify the earlier script to use flags instead of relying on positional parameters. The getopts function reads the flags in the input, and OPTARG refers to the corresponding values:

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It's no crime in open source to do initial idea development in small groups out of the public gaze. Nor to ask for others to join in a design discussion as you see fit. That should be true for all aspects of any organisation that supplies and depends on open source communities. This is a very different culture to commercial entities, and it's very dangerous to think like one when you're the other.

In the words of Peter Drucker, culture eats strategy for breakfast. It is to open source's great advantage that it can align its organizational cultures to those of its communities far more easily than can shareholder-bidden corporations. When strategies and cultures are in tune, then real magic can happen – and when they don't, things get seriously Rusty. ®

A majority of voters suspect recent elections have been affected by cheating, and believe officials are ignoring the problem.

The latest Rasmussen Reports national telephone and online survey finds that 60% of Likely U.S. voters think it is likely that cheating affected the outcomes of some races in last year’s midterm elections, including 37% who say it’s Very Likely. Thirty-five percent (35%) don’t believe it’s likely the 2022 midterms were affected by cheating, including 20% who think it’s Not At All Likely.