The point of current / worst attributes like temperature is exactly this: to tell you if the drive has ever been outside its max operating temperature, and thus might have suffered permanent damage.

That's why it says "failed in the past", not "failing now": you did just barely touch the max-temp threshold. Note the attribute display shows "normalized: 50, threshold: 45, worst: 45". (These are 0..200 normalized values like for any other attribute, not raw Celsius temps.)

You also have some bad sectors (uncorrectable sector errors), so whether the brief high temperature caused that or not, it's probably time to ditch that drive.

A better SMART software UI would show you the current and max-ever temp. e.g.
smartctl -a /dev/sda or smartctl -x /dev/sda (-x prints all available SMART and non-SMART data it can get from the drive, including a temperature history log if the drive has one, with an ASCII bar graph.)

smartctl -x includes this for an old WD Green 1TB (WD10EADS) hard drive: