What are the 9 freedoms of the air?
What are transit rights and traffic rights?
Why are they vital to commercial aviation?
The freedoms of the air are a set of internationally recognized rights or privileges that govern the operations of commercial air services between different countries. The freedoms were laid down in the Chicago Convention of 1944 and are essentially designed to facilitate the movement of people and goods across borders in aircraft.

Of the nine freedoms, the first five are classed as the main ‘freedoms of the air’, and the remaining four are referred to as ‘special freedoms’.