I did the same (ntfsresize + fdisk) while installing linux, and ran into the same problem. Eventually, this seems to work, from the Windows recovery prompt:

 fixboot /scanos

it found c:\windows, then I ran:

 bcdboot c:\windows

I also ran chkdsk c:, fixboot /mbr and bcdedit /set {default} recoveryenabled no before that, but I do not think they are related to the problem.

As far as I understand, the bcdboot command above, added the option of booting to the new c:\windows for bootmgfw.efi. Indeed, after rebooting I had two options:

1. the new "windows 10, on partition 3", which worked, and

2. "windows 10", which did not (as before).

Once booted, I removed the non-working option from the configuration manager (search "configuration manager", tab "boot").